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Preliminary Investigations of Cell Com Curative Potency

S. Danev1, E. Datzov2, M. Hristova3, M. Svetoslavova4

Introduction

Since the Cell Com system by Hugo Nielsen was introduced some years ago, the device has received little any attention from the "official" medical authorities. In the same period of time the curative practice with Cell Com and the positive results achieved (1, 2, 3, 4) make conceivable the usefulness of this method for treatment of a large number of diseases even including various types of cancer.

The aim of the present study was in a crossover trial to investigate whether para-clinical or clinical improvement could be observed in four groups of patients, treated for about 60 days with Cell Com.

Theoretical background of Cell Com

Probably no single explanation can account for Cell Com´s curative abilities. One possible explanation could very well be, that the effect is mediated via the improvement of the electromagnetic balance of the skin. Thus, the very act of connecting two symmetric points of the body surface with the sensors of Cell Com in the "measure" phase may minimize a pathological increased electromagnetic misbalance between the points and that Cell Com in the "treatment" phase reverse the pathological electromagnetic pattern towards normal.

Recent investigations have thrown light on the ability of the skin - via specific channels, including the electromagnetic ones - to mirror the overall "health state" of a person and its pathological deviations. Experiments have thus revealed that the electromagnetic fields on the body surface are much stronger than those born by the electrochemical generators of the intern body structures. This is due to the specific ability of the horny layer of the epidermis to accumulate quasistatic electricity because its electrical resistance is extremely high, ranging from 3 to at least 25 MW . In accordance with the dermal dielectric resistance, the static electricity under normal circumstances very slowly (10sec to 15min) diffuses to the depth of the body. This diffusion presumably disturbs the skin�s possibility to transmit biological information from the surrounding nature to the intern structures of the body. Cell Com is decreasing the level of static electricity in a very specific way, thereby facilitating the exchange of biological important information. The process is probably based on the properties of the s. c. "ultra weak bio-photon emission". This emission, first discovered by Gurwitch in 1923 (5), was called "mitogenetic radiation". Previously bio-photon emission was not widely accepted by the mainstream scientists (6), but scientists have since without doubt proved its existence. Its origin was, moreover, proved from investigations with chemoluminescence, bioluminescence, fluorescence and super-fluorescence (7, 8). From the latest achievements in the field of biophysics, life and "health quality" of life are electromagnetic based phenomenon's, which can be electromagnetic modulated (9, 10, 11). It is thus a very good presumption, that pathological processes may have their origins in the deterioration of the body�s electromagnetic balance.

These considerations lead us to the conception, that Cell Com in some way may facilitate the electromagnetic and sub-electromagnetic levels of bio-informational exchange because skin is one of the main pathways connecting the body with its surrounding universe.

In the "measure" phase (first step) Cell Com is reflecting the bio-electric potential lack of balance between two maximal distant skin points (e.g. the. acupoints Gall Bladder 44). We do not know if (or how) this information influences the second phase "treatment", but undoubtedly the phase enables the body to establish a new bio-magnetic "comfort" by facilitating bio-electrical communication. The process is dependant on the local blood supply (constriction or dilatation of pre-capillary sphincters), and thus the degree of ion diffusion. Living systems are, as a matter of fact, colloidal system i.e. a zol with equally spread electrical charges. Even a weak electrical impulse (fx. the accumulated quasistatic electricity) can deteriorate the equilibrium of the bio-electrical colloidal charge, and by this way change vitally important bio-constants. Cell Com is decreasing the electromagnetic imbalance between left and right body parts in the measuring phase, acting as a short circuit. Thus, in the phase of treatment it is likely that Cell Com is preparing the biological system for an enhanced effect of traditional medication, as well as increasing the endogenous quantum energy based self-healing bodily capacity.

Preliminary hypothesis

In accordance with the supposed theoretical basis for Cell Com, the preliminary hypothesis of the investigation was to establish whether the effect of orthodox therapies could be enhanced by simultaneous treatment with Cell Com.

Experimental design

In order to prove or to reject the preliminary hypothesis, four experimental studies were set up. In Study 1, 2 and 3 the enrolled subjects (in- and outpatients) were divided into two groups � experimental and control. The subjects from both groups were treated with well-accepted routine medicaments. The experimental group was treated with Cell Com for 2 months. The Control group was likewise treated with Cell Com but adjusted to "off position" (the electrical resistance between the two electrodes is in this case 800 kW , compared to 20W in the "treatment phase"). In Study 4 all enrolled in-patients were in the experimental group i.e. treated with Cell Com.

Material and methods

Subjects

  • Study 1. 31 patients with hypertension (HT), selected according to WHO criteria for hypertension (SBP > 140mmHg, DBP > 90mmHg) (borderline, 1st, 2nd and 3rd stage of morbus hypertonicus, 14 men and 17 woman).

  • Study 2. 11 patients with classical or definite rheumatoid arthritis (RH), selected according to the criteria of American Rheumatism Association (5 men and 6 woman).

  • Study 3. 20 patients with right camera hypertrophy (cor pulmonum (CP), (10 men and 10 woman);

  • Study 4. 5 cancer patients (CA) with histologic well proved malignancy, all of them after 1, 2 or 3 operative interventions for CA or metastasis ectomy, some of them in status post chemotherapy, prognosis pessima, because of new pathological formations (metastasis) in pelvis, peritoneum, hepar, columna vertebralis or brain areas, according to ultrasound or scanning diagnosis (original diagnosis: Ca recti (1), Ca ovarii (2), Ca coli uteri (1), Ca corposis uteri (1).

All participants gave informed consent and the study was approved by a formal Ethics Commission.

Cell Com treatment

Cell Com was applied once daily for 10 to 20 min. (Study 1, 2 and 3) and 3 times daily for 10 min. (Study 4) according to the procedure prescribed by Nielsen (1) using gall bladder point 44 on both feet.

Parameters

Blood pressure was measured according Korotkow in Torr. Heart rate, physical and mental stress were determined from heart rate variability (time and frequency domain variables) according to Danev (12), clinical improvement or aggravation was graded on a 5 point scale: 5 = moderate improvement, 4 = mild improvement, 3 = no changes, 2 = slight aggravation, 1 = obvious aggravation, (for RA patients reduction of pain at day and at night, morning stiffness, consumption of analgesics as well as other clinical variables were taken into account; for Ca patients: self estimation of the quality of life or instrumental investigation), blood serum levels of Zinc and Selenium were determined by atomic absorption flame spectrophotometry (AAS), using Perkin�Elmer 3030, the determination of other para-clinical variables was carried out according to commonly accepted procedures.

Procedure

All variables were measured in the beginning and at the end of the study, which lasted about 60 days. All previous or new therapy was left unchanged. Subjects were taking their normal diets; tobacco and coffee were not prohibited during the trial. Control groups in these single blind experiments were used in order to eliminate a potential Cell Com induced placebo effect.

Results

The obtained results in different studies are presented separately.

Study 1

The hypertension persons followed (morbus hypertonicus, hypertonia essentialis) were predominantly out-clinic patients from internal medicine and cardiology. None of the patients had other illnesses as a main reason for hypertension. 37 % of the persons were with transitory hypertension (I.st stage or borderline hypertension), 43 % were with moderate organic deterioration's as myocardial hypertrophy, vasoconstriction of retinal artery, oedema papillae, thrombosis of retinal venae, Guist symptom, left camera insuficencia etc. (II-nd and III-rd stage, according to WHO classification � 1978). Some of the subjects were not medically well examined. Only one of the subjects suffered from m. hypertonicus for a period less than 1 year. No cases with malignant hypertension were observed. All persons were already treated for more than 6 months with beta-blockers (Obridan, Visken, Trasicor, Sectral etc.), diuretics (Saluretin, Dehydratin � Neo, Diuretidin), Calcium - antagonists (Corinfar, Nifedepinum) or with other antihypertensive tools as Chlofazolin, alfa�Metyldopa, Reserpin, Captoril, Enalapril, or with Gopten (AC inhibitor).

The Study was preceded by consultation with a highly skilled specialist in hypertension, who for every of the participant prescribed an optimal strategy for treatment during the trial including a variety of health promoting procedures.

The preliminary expectation was, that the optimal treatment would result in a decrease of SBB, DBP and probably of Physical or Mental Stress. It was moreover anticipated that this effect would be better expressed in experimental group compared to the control group.

The obtained results are presented in table 1.

The data in table 1 confirm our preliminary expectations. Thus, both groups show a decrease of SBP and DBP, but the decrease has a higher degree of statistical significance in the experimental group compared to the control group. Same tendency is the case for Physical- and Mental Stress.

Study 2

It is well known the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has an unknown etiology. This was the main idea for approving that RA patients (from our rheumatoid clinics) could be included in the investigation with Cell Com.

 It was, however, rather challenging to start such a type of investigation because we neither knew the main cause of this systemic autoimmune disorder, nor how Cell Com is acting in details. Would it or would it not be effective in this particular disease? The main part of the patients - being treated for years without remarkable improvements - was very skeptical towards Cell Com treatment, a fact excluding a possible extraordinary placebo effect. Despite this and also to insure significance, a control group was used as in Study 1.

Eleven patients with confirmed RA (criteria of the American Rheumatism Association, ARA) were included in the investigation. Their inflammatory activity was mostly low or moderate. Functionally 4 persons belonged to class I (ARA criteria) and the other 7 to class II. All persons were taking non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs as: Acetylsal, Indomethacin, Naproxen, Ibuprofen, Butazone, Voltaren (Feloran). Some were treated with slowly acting antirheumatoidal drugs as Arthrochin, Solganol � B - oleosum, Cuprenil (D � penicillamin). One was ahead of inclusion treated with the immune-suppressor Imuran (Azathioprin). Three persons were treated with the corticosteroids Prednison or Prednisolon. Chloroquine and Salicylazosulphapyridine were also used in the past according to their medical charts.

Despite varying length of remissions, all patients had in the beginning of the investigation clinical exacerbation and have been seen by our rheumatologist in order to optimize the ordinary treatment strategy. We, therefore, expected that clinical as well as paraclinical improvement during the course of the study would be better expressed in the experimental group compared to the control group.

The obtained results are presented in Table 2.

As can be seen from this table, the followed variables for quantifying and comparing the level of inflammatory activity in the course of the treatment, show higher degree of optimal values in the experimental group compared to the control group, confirming our preliminary hypothesis.

Variables such as Weltman, immunoglobulines, ESR and WBC, as reactants for monitoring the effect of anti-inflammatory process should be looked further into.

Study 3

20 patients with COPI (chronic obstructive pulmonal illness), leading to "cor pulmonum" were enroled in this study. The majority was in-patients of the cardiology or pulmonology clinics and was treated with Enalapril (AC inhibitor).

The main pharmaco-kinetic effect of Enapril was expected to be on the pulmonal arterioles.

The levels of the arterial and pulmonal blood pressures, the diameter and the wall (in mm) of the right camera were controlled by Doppler-cardiography. The main causes for COPI were: asthma bronchiale � 6 cases, chronic bronchitis or pneumonia bilateralis � 9 cases, emphysema pulmonum � 2 cases, kyfoscoliosis � 1 case, pneumosclerosis and obesity. All patients had additional accompanying COPI illness as: Morbus hypertonicus, ulcerosis, diabetes, Ca plv., Urinariae, chronical cystitis, etc. Their preliminary treatment was predominantly with inhalations with Isodenit, Salbutamol or Nouphyllin.

The obtained results are presented in table 3.

The obtained results support the preliminary stated hypothesis. Almost all of the variables followed show improvement in both groups, with the level of significance higher in the experimental one.

 Study 4.

In Study 4 cancer patients were treated with Cell Com between 50 to 60 days, 3 times daily. No control group was separated. In this respect Study 4 may be regarded as a pilot Study.

The number of patients in the group was not increased during the trial for two reasons. Firstly because the psychological climate around these patients was so complicated, that we did not want to take the risk that Cell Com treatment in any way could be connected with a possible deterioration of the patients state (complaints). Secondly because treating such patients 3 times daily was quite time consuming and could be an emotional loaded procedure. The patients were all with a terminal prognosis and not all aware of their real chances to survive. The patients were not promised that Cell Com could cure them completely, but only, that the procedure might increase their overall vital force, and that this fact was already scientifically proved.

The obtained results are presented in table 4.

The table indicate that none of the followed-up variables show remarkable deterioration, as would otherwise be expected without Cell Com treatment. Contrary, clinical data, TFK, RBC, HT, ESR and Mental stress even improved although only Mental Stress significantly.

Discussion

A controlled study on the effects of using Cell Com on patients with morbus hypertonicus, rheumatoid arthritis and COPI has to our knowledge not previously been carried out. During the period of Cell Com treatment the followed variables of the majority of the patients from the experimental groups improved to a higher degree of significance than those from the control groups. Hence, since no adverse effects of Cell Com were observed, it can be suggested that Cell Com may induce a better effect of treatment with traditional medicaments and by this way enhance a more rapid clinical improvement in patients with illnesses difficult to treat by contemporary medical strategies. Further investigations are needed to establish the long-term effects of Cell Com in order to identify the variables most sensitive to Cell Com and the optimal time course of treatment. Since the clinical improvement is the most important effect of Cell Com, it was expected, that the patients who showed the greatest improvement in their clinical status generally also would be those, who showed the greatest improvement in para-clinical variables. This was, however, not always the case. Nevertheless, our findings indicate, in agreement with the previously posed hypothesis, that Cell Com brings temporary (we do not know how long this effect persists) clinical and para-clinical benefit when it is coupled with other routine methods of therapy. The most striking effects were the obviously reduced feeling of pain and stiffness, reported by most RA patients, as well as, the generally improved (beyond normal expectation) quality of life in Ca patients (taken as a whole). The higher level of statistical significance between mean values in the experimental groups strengthened this impression. The smaller effect of treatment with Cell Com on the control groups may be due to the fact, that Cell Com in the "measure phase" do exert some effect on the EM of the skin and in addition that pressure with the electrodes on the acupuncture points known from ancient Chinese literature may have an effect.

The experimental design rules out the possibility that this fact may be a placebo effect, neither to be a consequence of not sufficiently "pure" experimentation. To execute an absolutely "clean" experimentation is, as a matter of fact, impossible, but as well as we made all possible effort to decrease the level of the experimental "noise", our results in general do not contradict, but strongly support the postulation, that Cell Com is making the biological system more "open" or "fertile" to other medical treatments. We believe, that our findings are of interest not only for the use of Cell Com in general routine medical practice, but also for a better understanding of "quality of health". Cell Com may be a device indispensable for evaluating optimal conditions for bio-information exchange. The results suggest that Cell Com is facilitating the process of bio-information exchange executed via the sc. endogenous (internal) EM fields and by this way is promoting body�s self-healing capabilities. The idea, that local EM fields (normally easy to be directly registered) may be a subset of a global bio-energy field, (being a corner stone of "quality health") has recently become very popular in the field of energy medicine. It is suggested, that changes in this field are preceding and regulating all bodily biochemical processes. This way early diagnosis and treatment of diseases can be achieved by normalizing lack of equilibrium of the bioenergy field (13). This author brings scientific evidence, that this bio-energy field is functioning "more at the quantum level than at the classical level (like EM fields)". Furthermore, this field is "coherent in nature and quantified", which enables the biological systems to function at the quantum level, a level strongly facilitating bioinformational exchange. G. Smith (13) introduces the concept of Quantum Energy Healing Model, in which the role and effect of Cell Com can be very intriguing. From an electronic point of view, Cell Com seems to be a rather simple device, but introduced bilaterally and on certain points it is probably acting to improve the structure of the bio-energetic balance.

Conclusion

The results obtained in Study 1, 2, 3 and 4 support our above postulation, that Cell Com treatment improves the sc. Common Functional Status and in this way may enhance the curative effect of a large class of orthodox medicaments. We, therefore, strongly recommend that Cell Com treatment alone should be used only where its effect is well documented. In all other cases Cell Com treatment should be carried out predominantly in addition to well-accepted traditional medical strategies, thereby increasing the potency of their curative effect as a compounding factor, and may be decreasing use of medicaments/chemicals all of which has some more or less serious side effects.

References

  1. H. Nielsen, Cell Com system (1998), Randheym Trykk, Drammen, Norway
  2. S. Danev (1998), Klinishe Anwendung von Cell Com bei 42 Migraine-Patienten, Journal Fachmagazin für Natur-Heilkunde, N3, Marz
  3. H. Nielsen, S. Danev (1997), Improvement of Common Functional Status in cancer patients by Hugo Nielsen�s curative system, Proceeding on III-rd World Congress of Cancer, Australia
  4. S. Danev, H. Nielsen (1998), Quantum energy healing model � some new experimental supports, Proceeding on Annual Congress of International Medical Association "Bulgaria", Varna, Bulgaria
  5. A.G. Gurwitsch (1923), Die Natur des spezifischen Etterers der Zellteilung. Archiv für mikroskopische Anatomie und Entwicklungsmechanik, vol. 100, 11-40
  6. A. Kohn (1986), False Prophets: Fraud and Error in Science and Medicine, Blackwell, Oxford
  7. F.A. Popp et al.(eds.), (1979), Electromagnetic Bio-Information, p.123, Urban & Schwarzenberg, Baltimore
  8. J. Slawinski (1988), Experientia 44, 559
  9. M. Barinaga (1992), "Giving personal magnetism a whole new meaning", Science, 256, 967
  10. C.W. Smith (1994), "Electromagnetic and Bio-information and Water", In Ultra High Dilutions: Physics and Physiology Endler (eds.) Kluwer Academic Publishers
  11. V. I. Kurassen (1989), Magnetic Treatment of Water, Moscow, Russia: Nisso Tsuushinsha
  12. S. Danev (1997), Heart Rate Variability in Medical Practice, Proc. of IMAB, vol.3, 281-284.
  13. G. Rein (1998), Biological Effects of Quantum Fields and Their Role in the Natural Healing Process, Frontier Perspectives, vol.7, N1.

 

Parameter

 

 

SBP (Torr)

 

DBP (Torr)

 

Physiologic Stress (a.u.)

 

Mental Stress (a.u.)

Period

before

after

before

after

before

After

before

after

Experimental Group Cell Com: "On" position (N=15, 8 men, 7 women)

Mean value

178

157

133

119

2,82

0,91

2,56

1,1

Variance

191

204

322

325

3,42

4,9

3,89

3,85

ANOVA (p)

0,0003

0,05

0,01

0,05

Control Group Cell Com: "Off" position (N=16, 10 men, 6 women)

Mean value

172

152

127

118

2,00

0,83

1,85

1,11

Variance

267

298

199

175

2,56

4,31

2,13

2,34

ANOVA (p)

0,0006

0,07 (ns)

0,08 (ns)

0,16 (ns)

Table 1 Mean values and variance from 31 patients with Hypertension

(Mean age: Experimental Group 54,6 years; Control Group 58,5 years)

a.u.: arbitrary units; ns: no significance

Table 2 Mean values and variance from 11 patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

(Mean age: Experimental Group 44,6 years; Control Group 46 years)

Parameter

Clinical status (a.u.)

Fe

(mmol/l)

Zn

(mmol/l)

Weltman

(Epr)

IgG

(g/l)

IgA

(g/l)

IgM

(g/l)

ESR

(mm/hr)

Compl.fr. C4

(g/l)

WBC

(103 / mm3)

Period

be

Af

be

af

be

af

be

af

be

af

be

af

be

Af

be

af

Be

af

be

af

be

af

Experimental Group Cell Com: "On" position (N=6, 2 men, 4 women)

Mean value

 

3,0

 

4,1

 

8,96

 

12,0

 

9,66

 

11,23

 

3,5

 

4,83

 

18,5

 

15,0

 

4,31

 

2,55

 

2,98

 

1,71

 

61

 

42

 

0,19

 

0,15

 

6,46

 

5,208

 

Variance

 

0

 

4,1

 

8,96

 

12,0

 

9,66

 

11,23

 

3,5

 

4,83

 

18,5

 

15,0

 

4,31

 

2,55

 

2,98

 

1,71

 

61,0

 

42,1

 

0,19

 

1,15

 

6,46

 

5,28

ANOVA

(p)

 

0,003

 

0,24 (ns)

 

0,43 (ns)

 

0,04

 

0,006

 

0,03

 

0,001

 

0,01

 

0,03

 

0,002

Control Group Cell Com: "Off" position (N=5. 3 men 2 women)

Mean value

 

3,0

 

3,4

 

12,1

 

12,4

 

12,8

 

12,3

 

3,8

 

4,8

 

15,6

 

13,0

 

4,0

 

3,14

 

2,7

 

2,16

 

49,6

 

42,2

 

0,17

 

0,12

 

5,84

 

5,3

 

Variance

 

0

 

0,3

 

12,6

 

6,31

 

3,81

 

1,34

 

1,7

 

1,2

 

10,8

 

7,5

 

1,01

 

1,0

 

0,07

 

0,07

 

46,8

 

44,7

 

0

 

0

 

0,27

 

0,26

ANOVA

(p)

 

0,14 (ns)

 

0,88 (ns)

 

0,64 (ns)

 

0,22 (ns)

 

0,21 (ns)

 

0,21 (ns)

 

0,01

 

0,12 (ns)

 

0,001

 

0,13 (ns)

a.u.: arbitrary units; ns: no significance

Tabel 3 Mean values and variance from 20 patients with symptoms of Cor Pulmonum

(Mean age: Experimental Group 57,2 years; Control Group 51,3 years)

 

Parameter

Pulse (beats/min)

SAP (Torr)

DAP (Torr)

DRC (mm)

WRCS (mm)

PAP (Torr)

Period

before

after

Before

After

before

after

before

after

Before

after

before

after

. Experimental Group Cell Com: "On" position (N=10, 5 men , 5 women 5)

Mean value

94,6

82,6

132

116

84,0

74,4

33,4

27,5

7,67

6,37

39,4

33,7

Variance

16,9

7,15

29,6

28,0

26,6

33,6

6,01

1,57

0,75

0,60

14,0

13,5

ANOVA (p)

0.0000003

0,000004

0,001

0,000002

0,002

0,002

Control Group Cell Com: "Off" position (N=10, 5 men, 5 women)

Mean value

92,1

86,0

147

129

100

82,2

31,8

27,8

7,16

6,49

39,5

35,6

Variance

6,76

5,55

137

115

102

37,7

15

5,03

0,63

0,35

10,9

12

ANOVA (p)

0,00003

0,001

0,004

0,009

0,04

0,01

Table 4. Individuel experimental results, mean group values and variance from 5 cancer patients, (all women), investigated before and after treatment with Cell Com (correct) for a period of two months.

a.u.: arbitrary units; ns: no significance

Patient No & (Age)

1(56)

2(73)

3(59)

4(64)

5(57)

Mean(X)

Variance

Anova (p)

Parameter

Unit

Period

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Before

3

3

3

3

3

3

0

After

2

4

3

4

3

3,2

0,7

Before

2,55

2,18

2,34

2,07

2,48

2,32

0,04

After

2,49

2,09

2,26

2,12

2,68

2,32

0,06

Before

0,75

0,73

0,69

0,92

1,0

0,81

0,01

After

0,66

0,84

0,72

0,84

1,12

0,83

0,03

Before

4,0

6,3

5,1

8,3

12,4

7,22

10,92

After

5,8

7,2

4,9

9,6

13,3

8,16

11,4

Before

42,0

44,0

41,8

59,3

49,4

47,3

54,4

After

50,1

51,0

56,6

62,6

58,5

55,7

27,4

Before

27,0

24,6

18,9

28,3

25,6

24,8

13,13

After

26,7

20,8

19,1

22,2

23,9

22,5

8,53

Before

1112

729

952

426

518

747

82763

After

1060

913

1104

504

693

854

64208

Before

11,7

12,4

8,6

12,2

10,5

11

2,46

After

11,9

12,1

9,3

13,0

10,0

11,2

2,39

Before

4,7

5,6

6,3

5,8

6,2

5,72

0,4

After

7,1

4,9

7,0

6,1

4,9

6,0

1,16

Before

2,8

3,2

2,9

3,7

2,3

2,98

0,26

After

3,98

4,1

3,1

3,3

2,9

3,47

0,28

Before

9,1

11,3

12,1

9,7

11,5

10,7

1,02

After

10,3

12,6

11,2

9,4

12,8

11,2

2,13

Before

24,4

26,3

22,9

34,1

28,4

27,2

19,04

After

33,6

27,3

35,2

39,2

27,2

32,5

27,13

Before

85

89

83

80

78

83

18,5

After

84

87

87

84

81

84,6

6,3

Before

32

27

32

29

30

29,9

4,21

After

26

31

30

31

32

29,9

5,73

Before

332

324

343

321

316

327

111

After

307

341

338

340

323

329

215

Before

237

270

158

260

314

247

3301

After

349

342

143

283

296

282

6901

Before

93

44

56

78

49

64

431

After

81

36

30

51

33

46.2

443

Before

97

89

96

102

87

94,2

37,7

After

93

82

85

94

83

87,4

32,3

Before

13,6

8,3

6,8

11,4

7,7

9,56

8,09

After

13,4

6,2

6,1

10,1

6,3

8,42

10,6

Before

3,27

4,8

7,2

3,3

5,5

4,81

2,7

After

1,6

2,3

3,6

0,9

1,6

1,99

1,04

 


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